Nihin
Yangon YMCA zung pin deuh kam khatlei zawn ahkhin wunkyi-myar yone tiah
kan hngalhmi khi a hlan Mirang chan lio ah secretariat building
(ahdwin-wun yone) ti a rak si.
Nirukni, July 19, 1947 (Zinglei 10: 30 am hrawnghrang).
Hi zung innpi nitlaklei kam bik zungkhaan pakhat ah cabuai buai thum
Greek cafang Π suaisam in a kil an tonh hna i meeting a tuahmi an um.
Aung San nih Kawl Cozah Interim Burmese Government E. C meeting a kawhmi
hna an si; Aung San cu Π suaisam apar (alu) zawn ah a tthu. A kam
cabuai an tonhmi pawl ah cun, U Ba Win (Aung San u pa, commerce and
supplies chungtel), Thakhin Mya (finance chungtel), Deedok[39] U Ba Choe
(information), Abdul Razak (education and national planning), Mahn Ba
Khiang (industry and Labour), U Ba Gyan (public works), U Aung Zan Wai
(social works), Pyawbwe U Mya (agriculture and acting home member) le
Möng Pawn saohpa Sao Sam Htun (frontier areas) ti pawl nih a keh he orh
he aa changchang in an kulh i an tthu. Cu lio ah cun, an EC pahnih an
bau: Kyaw Nyein (home affairs) cu Yugoslavia a tlawn lio a si;[40] Tin
Tut cu (finance kong ca-file Thankhin Mya sinah a pek ta i) London ah a
tlawn lio a si ve.[41] Aung San hnulei, innka an onnak lei corridor ah
hriamnam zeihmanh aa ken lomi fial-lek peon Thaung Sein[42] a dir. Hi
lio ah Kutka dang cu a chunglei in aa hrenh dih.
Culio ahcun,
chiandeih ttazeik aa benhmi a hring rong ralkap (12th Army) uniform ai
hruk i, ralkap lukhuh aa khuhmi minung pali: Maung Soe, Maung Sein, Thet
Hnin, le Yan Gyi Aung ruah lopi in an hung chuak. Minung pathum nih
tommy-guns an i ken, pakhat nih Sten gun aa ken i, Thaung Sein cu zeirel
loin an hun nam pah khin meeting a tuahmi hna khaan chungah cun an lut.
An meithal kuan cu an hun thlah thluahmah colh ko, cun corridor in,
zungpi in hnulei ah an i khirh tthan. Kutka hram ah, an mawttaw mawngtu
Thukha nih mawttaw engine that loin a rak hngah hna. Lainawng minung
pali mawttaw cung an cuan khawh le cangka Inya Lake kam, 4 Ady Lam, U
Saw inn lei ah an jeep hringte cun phirhphahlik loin an i chaih colh.
Aung San, Ba Win, Thakhin Mya, Abdul Razak le Mahn Bah Khiang cu an thi
colh ko. Bachoe le Sao Sam Htun belte a thaizing ah an thi.
Mi
kaptu minung pali le an driver pinah, adang minung panga zong lainawnnak
a bawmtu ah an i tel ve tiin biaceih an si. Cu hna lakah Ba Nyunt timi
pa nih “aphuangtu” ah aa cang i, tehte biapi bik ah aa thleng. Ba Nyunt
nihcun, hi lainawnnak khuakhaangtu bik le a timlamtu bik cu U Saw a si a
ti caah, biaceihtu nih Ba Nyunt cu lainawnnak tehte biapi bik ah an
hman.[43]
Ba Nyunt nih, U Saw cu Minhla khua ah Myochit Party
hruaitu in a rat lio a biachimnak ah kan i tong, U Saw sawmnak in Ady
Lam cung ummi U Saw inn ka phan i Myochit Party ah cun ka lut tiah tehte
a khan. Cun, sualphawtmi adang panga hna hi U Saw inn ah a rak umciami
an si: cu lio ah cun, meithal le zenthong an rak i zalh cang tiah a ti. U
Saw nih Aung San thahnak ding kong cu 15 July ah avoikhatnak a ka chimh
hmasa a si. Cun 18 July ni ah U Saw nihcun, mikaptu adang pathum le
Thukha he a kan pumh i, lainawnnak ding kong cu timhcia tein a kan
cawnpiak. Anih Ba Nyunt rian cu midang nih an meithal an hman dih hnu
ah, Thakhin Nu sinah vung kawl i, va thah ding a si tiah a chim.[44]
Lai an nawn ni zing suimilam 8: 30 hrawngah, U Saw nih (sualphawt a si
vemi adang pathum) Khin Maung Yin, Maung Ni le Hmon Gyi kha Thakhin Nu
thahnak ding kong biathli a ruah hna ka theih i, secretariat building
lei ah cun, hi hna he Fordson truck in kan kal. Mawttaw cu Dalhousie
Street le 41st Street aa tonnak zawn ah an dirter i, Khin Maung Yin le
Hmon Gyi cu Parks Street leikam in zungpi chungin “lenglei chuahnak
kutka” in an lut i an liam. Cu lio ahcun, (amah) Ba Nyunt cu U Nu
zungkhan a umnak constituent assembly building lei ah a vung kal ve. A
hmuhmi pa cu U Nu a si lo ti a theih tikah, Ba Nyunt cu an mawttaw
dirternak lei ah a kir tthan. Mawttaw chungah Khin Maung Yin a rak kir
cang i, Maung Ni nih zeipaoh a tlam a tling ko tiah U Saw sinah phone a
vung chawnh lio a si tiah Ba Nyunt cu a chimh. Cun Ba Nyunt nih Parks
Street lei kam zungpi “chunglei luhnak kutka” in jeep a luh a hmuh. Jeep
cu zungpi i nitlaklei kam (Aung San te meeting tuahnak) in pe 20 in 30
kar hrawng aa hlatnak ah an dirter, cu tlawmpal ah zungpi chungin
meithal kahnak a um ti hun theih a si i, jeep cu zungpi “chuahnak kutka”
in Parks Street lei ah a chuah a hmuh. Jeep cu a ran khawh chungin an
hmai ah a tlik thluahmah kha Ba Nyunt nih a hmuh. Cun, Ba Nyunt, Khin
Maung Yin le Maung Ni zong Hmon Gyi tel loin U Saw innkulh chunglei ah
an hung kir ve. Jeep cu U Saw innka hmai disathlap tang ah a rak dir ko
kha an hmuh. Cun, mikaptu minung pali le Thukha nih “Aung-byi [kan tei
cang]! Aung-byi” tiah au pah in an rak don hna i, Ba Nyunt nih “Tuanbia
Thar,” tiah Kawlram politics tuanbia a thar in kan ttial cang lai ti
phun in a au ve.
Ba Nyunt nih tehte “phyaunt-chet-petu” aa can
hnu cun, Maung Sein, Yan Gyi Aung, Thu Kha, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni
zong nih Ba Nyunt tehte khanmi a dik ko tiah an sualnak kong cu a hlei a
hluat in an hun chap len ve.
Maung Sein nih a chim venak ah cun
Maung Soe nih an liang cung le an lukhuh ca ttazeik pawl cu a chuahpiak
hnanak kong; 10:00 am hrawngin an jeep in kal nakding nawlpek an sinak
kong; an muka-angki leng tangah an uniform an thuhnak kong; Hmon Gyi nih
nitlaklei kam haukam in a rak hngah hna i, lut dingin achet a piah
hnanak kong; Maung Soe nih meeting khaan innka a on chih i kahnak order a
pek hnanak kong; Yan Gyi Aung nih a tthut bu in Sten gun hmangin a rak
kah hna lai ah, adang nih tommy in an dir bu in an kah hna hnu ah, Yan
Gyi Aung nih corridor cungah a ummi pistol aa kenmi pa a kahnak kong;
adwinwun zung an hun chuahtak ka ah Maung Ni an hmuhnak kong; U Saw nih a
inn an phanh tikah a rak kuh hna, a hnamh hnanak kong; Fordson truck in
Ba Nyunt, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni an hung phanh tikah angki dang an i
thleng hna i U Saw he bia an ruah hnanak kong, tehna a chim ve.
Yang Gyi Aung nih ttuang ah ka tthu i, cabuai tang in upa pawl cu ka kah
hna tiah an chimmi bia cu a fehter.[45] Cun U Saw rawlpetu Sein Maung
nih U Saw inn kan phanh tikah kan meithal cu a fim hna i, a thuh hna
tiah ati.
Thu Kha nih jeep cungah tommy-gun pakhat a hlei in kan i
ken chih i, cucu Ba Nyunt nih U Nu thahnak dingah a hman dingmi a si
tiah a chim ve.
Maung Ni nih, lai an nawn ni zing ah Maung Soe nih
pistol a pek i, zeitindah a kah ning a si ti a cawnpiaknak kong; mikaptu
nih adwin-wun zung i lai an nawn dih hnu ah, Parks Street leikam a
“chuahnak kutka” cu jeep chuahnak dingah aa ong peng maw ong peng lo zoh
dingin Khin Maung Yin nih a fialnak kong; Thukha a phanh in jeep cu an
mongh ti le meithal kah thawng zong a theih i, Hmon Gyi cu hau chung in a
hung tlik thluahmahnak kong; cun Hmon Gyi cu jeep chungah luh aa tim
nain, an rak khirh caah truck umnak lei ah a hung kir tthan i, Khin
Maung Yin le Ba Nyunt he U Saw inn lei ah an kir hnanak kong, tehna a
chim ve.
Khin Maung Yin nih U Saw a si ko ti fehternak dingah a
chim ve. A nikum ah Aung San nih U Saw thah a timhnak kong;[46] cun, cu
ruangah, U Saw nih lehrulh dingin, Aung San tepawl bawi pakhat inn ah
zanriah dumttinak an rak tuah lio ah Khin Maung Yin cu thah a fial i, a
duh lonak kong a chim.[47] Khin Maung Yin nih a chim chapmi ah, U Saw
nih tommy-gun pahnih le adang hriamnam pawl Major Young sinah a cawknak
kong[48] le adang hriamnam pawl zong Major Lance sinah a cawknak
kong;[49] U Saw nih baan (bank) ttaih a rak i tim bal nain nikhua chiat
ruangah aa let tthannak kong; Major Moore[50] le Captian Vivian[51]
bawmhnak in U Saw nih ralkap hriamnam chiahnak ruk-inn chung ta Bren gun
le zenthong tehna a ngah i, Inya Lake (a inn pawng) kam ah a thuhnak
kong; 17 July ni ah U Saw nih lainawnnak ding kong cu a chimh i, 19th ni
ah E.C pawl cu meeting an tthut taktak lai le lai lo hlat a fialnak
kong; 18th ni ah lainawnnak ah hman hngami mawttaw pahnih ready in
timhlamh ding a fialnak kong; Fordson ah nambat phel adeu a bunh hna i,
jeep ah a si lomi nambat a khenhnak kong; cu hnu ah E.C pawl meeting
kong cu a va hlat i, an i timh bang meeting tuah an let lonak kong kha U
Saw sinah the Sun tadinca chuahnak zung telephone hmangin U Saw cu
thawng a hei thanhnak le telephone an i chawnh ah biahleng (code) an
hmannak kong;
cun, U Saw inn ah a hung kir tthan i, mawttaw nambat
phel pakhat kha Tin Shwe[52] a pek, cun jeep nambat kha sii thar a
thuhnak kong, tehna pawl a chim.
Sihni pawl nihcun bia an ceihmi
hna pawl an phuanmi fehternak dingah tehte dangdang an chuahpi hna.
Palik ngiahlaitu zung (Criminal Investigation Department) in a lubik
changtu Tun Hla Oung[53] nih U Saw inn pawng ahhin an cawlcangh ning zoh
dingah “mingiatu” ka rak chiahcia cang hna tiah ati. Ralkap hriamnam
chiahnak ruuk-inn chung ummi hriamnam cheukhat an tlau ti report a um
hnu in, U Saw inn pawngah “mingiatu” pahnih ka chiah hna ati. Zing 8:30
hrawng i, U Saw inn in Fordson mawttaw a chuah zong an hmuh i, a nambat
zong ttha tein an i chingchiah tiah ati. Thamadi Daily tadinca ah phaisa
cazin tlaitu, Sein Maung zong nih meithal puah thawng pawl le
secretariat building in jeep a chuah lio a hmuh ve i, a baan phaisa
cazin tunnak cauk cungah a nambat aa ttial ve ti a si.
[54]
Suimilam 11:00 hrawngah a chaih bakin a hun i chaihmi jeep cu U Saw
inn-hau chungah a hun i kuai i jeep cung a hung ttummi minung pali nga
le U Saw cu ka hmuh hna, tiah U Saw innpa, Mr Khan nih a chim ve.
Zenthong lei a thiammi (ballistic experts) pawl nih Aung San te
zungkhaan chung an charmi zenthong hawng pawl le, mithimi hna pum chung
ummi kuanfang le, U Saw innpawng ah an hmuhmi tommy le Sten gun meithal
kuan pawl an zohtti tikah aa khat bak ti a si. Adang tehte pawl nih U
Saw innpawng tidil chungah nambat phel adeu pawl le mithattu nih rak i
hruk dawh a simi lukhuh hring pawl, cun U Saw te coka tappi chungah a
kaang thlu lomi angki pawl le 12th Army ttazeik nehnang pawl kan hmuh
tiah an ti. Tun Hla Oung le Mr. Khan nihcun, U Saw hau chung ummi jeep
nambat cu sii an thuhka lawng a si caah a ro rih lo tiah an ti. [Adang
tehte an cohlan lio ah, Sein Maung nih kaa chingchiah a timi mawttaw
nambat kong cu an telh lo].
A kaptu hrilhfiah hi cu a har lo.
Maung Sein nih a sualnak huhphenh aa tim lo. Cun, a thi lomi nih ttha
tein an hliah ko hna lai cu a fiang. U Saw cu hrithlai dantatnak in thah
a si. Maung Soe, Maung Sein, Thet Hnin le Yan Gyi Aung cu mithah
lainawn sualnak, cun Hmon Gyi cu sualnak ah a bawmtu tiin hrithlainak an
pek ve hna. Thu Kha, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni cu mithahnak ah a
bawmtu an ti ve hna, nain, 20 thong dantat an si. Cozah tehte ah aa
cangmi Ba Nyunt cu ngaihthiam a si.
Aung San le A Huatu Kawl Phun Ttanh Pawl.
Phunttanh timi nationalist pawl ahhin kaupi khua a ruatmi permissive
pawl, tck., Gandhi, Aung San tehna bantuk an um bantuk in kam khatlei ah
mah phun telawng bak a timi ruahnak bi pawl chauvinist asiloah
xenophobe pawl, tck., Hitler, Saddam Hussein bantuk tehna zong an um ve.
Kau deuhpi in khuaruat kho pawl hi an nun khua a sau tawn lo;
zeicahtiah milu a tam deuhmi miphun nihhin miphunpi ah an i ruat i milu
tlawm deuh miphun pawl kha dolh an duh hna. Hi ruangah kau deuh ruahnak
ttha ngei pawl cu fanatic nationalist pawl nih kan miphun caah tiin an
thah tawn hna—Alettu.
Vawlei pumpi ti awk tiang dengin laar hram a
hun i thawk cangmi Aung San hi a chan lio i Kawlram politics ah ram
hruaitu le uktu si a duh vemi communists pawl [Aung San nupi he an nupi
le unau a simi Thakhin Than Tun phu], cun upa deuh ah U Saw, Ba Maw le
Tun Oke tbk. pawl nih an rem lai lo ti cu a fiang ngaimi a si.
Zeicahtiah, Aung San cu a no zong a no rih, politics zong a thiam lo
tiah an ruah caah a si. Cun, Aung San nih a hruaimi AFPFL[4] pawl
nihhin, minung pakhat nih vawlei kau tuk an ngeihmi tehna hi remhtthan
an hau, mirum le sifak kan i dang tuk, tbk. in an aupi tikah hin, mirum
lian taktak pawl le vawlei kaupipi a ngei pawl zong nih an rem lai lo ti
a fiang fawn.
Tlangcungmi hna he i daw ngai in Aung San nih a um
lawng si loin, ruahnak kaupi a ngeihmi cungah hin Kawl nationalist pawl
caah hnak a dohtu bik pakhat a si ko lai. Atlee-Aung San hnatlaknak,
Panglong hnatlaknak le FACE[5] report tehna hi an rem ziar lo. Ralpi
caan lio vial ah Mirang nih hawikom ah an kan serh i anmah he ral kan
tu, atu tu ah cun Atlee nih a kan hlen tiah an ruah. Cun, AFPFL, a
bikin, Aung San zong an mawhchiat: Aung San le AFPFL sinah nawlngeihnak
pek colh a herh lo an ti. Hi lio caan ah, Karen pawl sinah mission rian a
rak ttuanmi Major Reverend James W. Baldwin nih Karen miphun caah
memorandum adang te a timh i Atlee cu a kuat. Hi bantuk thil [a bikin
Karen nih adang tein independence laak duhnak] a rak ummi le Aung San
nih adangdang tlangcungmi hna sin zongah mah duhthimnak nawl a onh tukmi
hi an rem lo bikmi cu a si.
Hi a rem lotu pawl nihhin Karen anmah
bing tein independence lakding cu a duh in an duh lo. Aung San zong nih
adang tein umding (lakding) cun a siang ve hna lo. Ram i tthen nakin
mahte uknak nawl tu tling tein ngeihter, federal phun in kalding hi a
rak duhpiak hna. Cun Kawlmi nih a hmunkip ah i zarh dih i tlangcungmi
miphun dang hna sinah nawlngeitu bik an vung si teding zong a pommi a si
lo. Cucaah, December 8, 1946, i an tuahmi Anglo-Burman Council ah hitin
piang tein a chim: “Miphun asiloah biaknak thleidannak pakhat hmanh um
loin mi vialte nih anmah le an tthatnak ding cio caah a tlam a tlin
khawh ding ka rian a si.”[6] Cu a pomning cu May 23, 1947 kum AFPFL
civuipi i a biachim ah piang deuh in a hrilhfiah hna:
Miphun,
biaknak, nu le pa sinak asiloah sifak le mirum sining i dan ruangah
thleidannak pakhat hmanh um loin mi vialte caah tthatnak taktak an hmuh
khawhnak ding, mi pakhat cio nih anmah le an si khawhning cio in an covo
aa ruang tein an tinco khawh cio dingah cun, a dikmi democracy lawng
nih rian a ttuan khawh lai. Zei bantuk miphun a si i, zei bantuk biaknak
a biami a si asiloah nu a si zong pa a si zong ah rammi vialte nih an
co hngami an tinco khawh cio nakhnga Phunghrampi [Constitution] in kan
kilhkamh lai. Mizei hmanh nih Karen…tbk. pawl hi mitlawm miphun
“national minority” tiah nautatnak an tuah kho hna lai lo…Atu, ram thar
kan Kawlram thar kan ser tikah, mah lungtho tein aa komhmi Union
[federation] in maw kan ser hnga, hranhram hnekchih in komhmi [cunglei
ukmi] Unitary State in dah? Kei ka hmuhning ah cun, Unitary State
serding hi cu a si kho lai lo. Mah lungtho tein aa komhmi Union kan ser
lai i mi tlawm deuh miphun pawl covo a hnursuang lo dingmi phung ttha
tein kan ser lai i an covo cu ttha tein kan kilhkamh lai. “I komhnak ah a
dir khomi” kan si i “i komh ttung i a tlumi” kan si lo ding kan i
ralring lai.[7]
Cu hnu zongah, Aung San nihcun a thih hlan deuh
thla khat aa duh, June 17, 1947 ni i, phunghram suaitu pawl he i tonnak
constituent assembly zongah “Kawlram cu Mah tein aa ukmi Ramchungtel
(Autonomous States) zong an i tel awk a si i… cun hi mitlawm deuh miphun
pawl caah an covo ttha tein kilvenpiak hrimhrim ding”[8] tihi a chim
tthan. Cu a biachimnak ah cun, tlangcungmi hna he rualrem tein khua
saktti khawhnak dingah a biapimi points pasarih a chim. A chimmi chungah
a biapimi cu:
Rampi komh Union chungah hin mah te aa ukmi zong an
um lai i, cu hna cu phunghram hrimhrim in kilhkamh an si lai… Phunghram
nihcun Rampi Union chungah a ummi mi vialte caah dinnak, aa ruang dih in
biaceihnak a um lai i, khuasak tintuknak, chawlehthalnak le ramrian
kongah aa tlukceo dih in dirhmun le tinvo an ngei lai, cun phung hmai ah
cun khuaruah khawhnak, mah pomning langhter khawhnak, zumhnak le
biaknak kongah zalennak kan ser lai i, mitlawm deuh miphun hna caah an
covo an sungh sual nakhnga lo phung in kan kilhkamh hna lai.[9]
A
thih hnu thla ruk hmanh tlin hlanah, Aung San ai a hun rolhtu pa nihcun,
Aung San lungput le a chimmi he ralkah taktak in, “Karen, Mon, Rakhine
tbk. pawl ca i Mahte aa ukmi Ramchungtel (Autonomous States) serding cu
zakhat ah zakhat in ka pom lo,”[10] tiah a ti. Karen pawl nihhin Kawl
miphun lakah cun Aung San pakhat lawng le an caah cohlan awktlak le
lungtling te biaruah khawhnak kan ngei kho lai tihi an hngalhciami a rak
si. Aung San zaka ah U Nu nih AFPFL hruaitu ah a hun chaan tikah hin,
an caah sunghzatlaknak ding lawng a taang ko cang tihi Karen pawl
nihcun, an rak i fiang ngaingai cang.
U Saw Kong Tlawmpal
Aung San thattu kong hlaithlai ah cun, U Saw
kong cu telh lo awk ttha lo a si. U Saw hi ahodah a si hnga? U Saw cu
Dr. Maung Maung ttial ningah cun fimnak tlamtling ngeih setsai ttung lo
i, power lawng a duhmi, minister sawhsawh in aa lung si lo i, prime
minister (ram lu bik) tiang si a duhmi pa a si tiah a ti. U Saw cu
orhlei ruahnak (rightist) a pommi a si i, Aung San he hlan tein aa rem
lomi pa a si. Chim duhmi cu Aung San i hmuh khawhmi lenglei ral a
si—Alettu.
U Saw cu 1900 kum ah Tharrawaddy ah a chuak i, sihni
(pleader) a cawng, Saya San a upat ngaimi pa a si. 1928 kum thawkin MP a
ttuan tawn. 1931 kum i Saya San an tlaih tikah Kawl sihni tam ngaite
nih a lakin sihni kan leih-piak lai tiah an rak i pe cio. Nain, a tam
deuh cu, cathiam huaha lo khuatefa deuh lawngte an si; cu hna lakah mino
cathiam bik pawl ah a hung langmi cu U Saw a si. U Saw nih Saya San
luatnak caah cun sihni cu a leih-piak i, England ummi Mirang bawi pawl
sin zongah Saya San luatnak dingah nawlnak ca a rak kuat hna tikah cun
laar hram a hun i thawk colh ko cang.
Saya San nih Mirang a rak doh
liote in U Saw nihhin U Ba Pe dirhmi Thuriya (the Sun) tadinca hmangin
Mirang ralkap nih Saya San ralkap pawl an tuahto ning hna hmanthlak
tehna a cuanter i Mirang bawi pawl sinah a rak kuat tawn cang. Saya San a
thih tikah, Saya San nih Mirang a dohnak pehzulh dingah tiin, a min ah
Galon aa bunhnak chan a si [Saya San nih Galon Athin a rak dirh]. May
1935 ah Japan ah a vung tlawng i, a rung tlun tikah Nga-Bwint-Saing
Party aiawh in thimnak i cuh dingah an thim. 1938 kum ah, Thuriya (the
Sun) tadinca a cawk (Japan pawl phaisa bawmhmi in a cawk tiah zapi nih
an ruah[19]). Dr. Maung Maung ttialning ah cun, Thuriya tadinca nihcun,
Hitler nih Judah miphun huatnak le German lawng miphun sang an sinak
kong a ttialmi Ram le Miphun timi Mein Kempf cauk kha a serial in chuah
hram an thawk colh tiah a ti. A tadinca hmangin mirum lian pipi le
vawlei kau pipi ngeimi hna nih a lei ttang dingin a lemsoi hna i[20],
Myochit Party a dirh, cun amah private ralkap Galon Ttat aa ser.
U
Saw cu Ba Maw[21] cozah ah vuanci (minister) a ttuan. Asinain, cozah doh
ruangah tiin, Ba Maw nih thong a thlak. Thong in a hun chuah hnu, May
30, 1939 ah U Pu cozah ah forest le agriculture vuanci ah an thim. A
Myochit Party hmangin U Pu chambaunak a kawl i, U Pu cozah cu challenge a
tuah. Cuticun, September 1940 in January 1942 tiang Chief Minister a
ttuan.[22] Kawl lakah a bawi bik a hun si le cangka in, politician
cheukhat thong ah a thlak hna: ruahnak lei ah a saya tthing U Ba Pe,
Mandalay mi U Ba U le U Ba Thi an si. U Saw nihhin min ah “Ba” aa telmi
cu a rem lo tiah capo in an siahnak.[23] October 1941 lio i, ramdang a
tlawn lai cu baisakup aa zaih-mi ko a lo:
Private vanlawng
bakin…cungah cun a zuang….cun Shwedagon pura a hun heel i, vancung cun
upatnak a von pek. Mi nih thil ttha lo tuah ah an rel. Midang nih Buddha
milem hmai ah cun, an bok i, upatnak an pekmi kha U Saw nihcun, aa laak
zau i, a bingtalet bakin, a cunglei in a biak.[24]
Zeiti Dr. Maung
Maung nih a va ttial zongah, U Saw hi February 12, 1947 kum ah Panglong
hnatlaknak an rak tuah lioah a rak i tel ve. U Saw nihcun tlangcungmi
pawl cu; nan miphun tthanchonak ding le nan ram i kilvennak dingah
Kawlram he rak i fonh ve ko u, nanmah le nan ram cio ah nanmah tein
uknak nawl cu nan i ngeih ko lai tiah a rak sawm ve hna. Hi U Saw bia hi
tlangcungmi nih an rak cohlan ngaimi a si. Nain, kam khatlei ah, U Nu
nih Mirang nih tlangcungmi he thleidannak a rak kan tuah ruangah Kawl le
tlangcungmi karah huatnak a chuahter timi bia tu cu, tlangcungmi nih an
pom duh bak lo.[25]
Nain, U Saw hi mi khuaruahhar ngai cu a si.
Aung San le British prime minister Atlee nih January 27, 1947 ni ah
London khua i Kawlram luatnak (zalennak) pekding in hnatlaknak an ngeih
tikah, U Saw le Ba Sein nih opposition aiawh in an rak zulh i min an thu
duh lo.[26] Aung San-Atlee hnatlaknak nihhin tlangcungmi nih Kawl he
fonh an duh ko ahcun, Kawl uknak tang ah um ding a fianter cang i,
asiloah tlangcungmi hna caah a bing tein luatnak pekding timi cu a rawk
cang ti awk a si ko caah dah U Saw nihhin tlangcungmi hna zawnruat in a
rak thut duh hnga lo? Asiloah Aung San nih hmailei ah Kawlram a hruai
telai ti a hmuh caah dah a thut hnga lo? A ruahnak hi hngalh khawh a har
ko,
Buchuk Aung San le a EC Minung 9 thihnak.
Kum 69 aliam cang
nain, Rampi nih philh khawh an si lo. Vawlei can dongh tiang an min
philh an si lai lo.Rampi caah.Nunnak apemi hna.An Mipum cu, That lo
hmanh hna sehlaw An tuahsernak le amin cu zeitik hmanh a tllau kho ti
lai lo.
Nihin Yangon YMCA zung pin deuh kam khatlei zawn ahkhin
wunkyi-myar yone tiah kan hngalhmi khi a hlan Mirang chan lio ah
secretariat building (ahdwin-wun yone) ti a rak si.
Nirukni, July 19, 1947 (Zinglei 10: 30 am hrawnghrang).
Hi zung innpi nitlaklei kam bik zungkhaan pakhat ah cabuai buai thum
Greek cafang Π suaisam in a kil an tonh hna i meeting a tuahmi an um.
Aung San nih Kawl Cozah Interim Burmese Government E. C meeting a kawhmi
hna an si; Aung San cu Π suaisam apar (alu) zawn ah a tthu. A kam
cabuai an tonhmi pawl ah cun, U Ba Win (Aung San u pa, commerce and
supplies chungtel), Thakhin Mya (finance chungtel), Deedok[39] U Ba Choe
(information), Abdul Razak (education and national planning), Mahn Ba
Khiang (industry and Labour), U Ba Gyan (public works), U Aung Zan Wai
(social works), Pyawbwe U Mya (agriculture and acting home member) le
Möng Pawn saohpa Sao Sam Htun (frontier areas) ti pawl nih a keh he orh
he aa changchang in an kulh i an tthu. Cu lio ah cun, an EC pahnih an
bau: Kyaw Nyein (home affairs) cu Yugoslavia a tlawn lio a si;[40] Tin
Tut cu (finance kong ca-file Thankhin Mya sinah a pek ta i) London ah a
tlawn lio a si ve.[41] Aung San hnulei, innka an onnak lei corridor ah
hriamnam zeihmanh aa ken lomi fial-lek peon Thaung Sein[42] a dir. Hi
lio ah Kutka dang cu a chunglei in aa hrenh dih.
Culio ahcun,
chiandeih ttazeik aa benhmi a hring rong ralkap (12th Army) uniform ai
hruk i, ralkap lukhuh aa khuhmi minung pali: Maung Soe, Maung Sein, Thet
Hnin, le Yan Gyi Aung ruah lopi in an hung chuak. Minung pathum nih
tommy-guns an i ken, pakhat nih Sten gun aa ken i, Thaung Sein cu zeirel
loin an hun nam pah khin meeting a tuahmi hna khaan chungah cun an lut.
An meithal kuan cu an hun thlah thluahmah colh ko, cun corridor in,
zungpi in hnulei ah an i khirh tthan. Kutka hram ah, an mawttaw mawngtu
Thukha nih mawttaw engine that loin a rak hngah hna. Lainawng minung
pali mawttaw cung an cuan khawh le cangka Inya Lake kam, 4 Ady Lam, U
Saw inn lei ah an jeep hringte cun phirhphahlik loin an i chaih colh.
Aung San, Ba Win, Thakhin Mya, Abdul Razak le Mahn Bah Khiang cu an thi
colh ko. Bachoe le Sao Sam Htun belte a thaizing ah an thi.
Mi
kaptu minung pali le an driver pinah, adang minung panga zong lainawnnak
a bawmtu ah an i tel ve tiin biaceih an si. Cu hna lakah Ba Nyunt timi
pa nih “aphuangtu” ah aa cang i, tehte biapi bik ah aa thleng. Ba Nyunt
nihcun, hi lainawnnak khuakhaangtu bik le a timlamtu bik cu U Saw a si a
ti caah, biaceihtu nih Ba Nyunt cu lainawnnak tehte biapi bik ah an
hman.[43]
Ba Nyunt nih, U Saw cu Minhla khua ah Myochit Party
hruaitu in a rat lio a biachimnak ah kan i tong, U Saw sawmnak in Ady
Lam cung ummi U Saw inn ka phan i Myochit Party ah cun ka lut tiah tehte
a khan. Cun, sualphawtmi adang panga hna hi U Saw inn ah a rak umciami
an si: cu lio ah cun, meithal le zenthong an rak i zalh cang tiah a ti. U
Saw nih Aung San thahnak ding kong cu 15 July ah avoikhatnak a ka chimh
hmasa a si. Cun 18 July ni ah U Saw nihcun, mikaptu adang pathum le
Thukha he a kan pumh i, lainawnnak ding kong cu timhcia tein a kan
cawnpiak. Anih Ba Nyunt rian cu midang nih an meithal an hman dih hnu
ah, Thakhin Nu sinah vung kawl i, va thah ding a si tiah a chim.[44]
Lai an nawn ni zing suimilam 8: 30 hrawngah, U Saw nih (sualphawt a si
vemi adang pathum) Khin Maung Yin, Maung Ni le Hmon Gyi kha Thakhin Nu
thahnak ding kong biathli a ruah hna ka theih i, secretariat building
lei ah cun, hi hna he Fordson truck in kan kal. Mawttaw cu Dalhousie
Street le 41st Street aa tonnak zawn ah an dirter i, Khin Maung Yin le
Hmon Gyi cu Parks Street leikam in zungpi chungin “lenglei chuahnak
kutka” in an lut i an liam. Cu lio ahcun, (amah) Ba Nyunt cu U Nu
zungkhan a umnak constituent assembly building lei ah a vung kal ve. A
hmuhmi pa cu U Nu a si lo ti a theih tikah, Ba Nyunt cu an mawttaw
dirternak lei ah a kir tthan. Mawttaw chungah Khin Maung Yin a rak kir
cang i, Maung Ni nih zeipaoh a tlam a tling ko tiah U Saw sinah phone a
vung chawnh lio a si tiah Ba Nyunt cu a chimh. Cun Ba Nyunt nih Parks
Street lei kam zungpi “chunglei luhnak kutka” in jeep a luh a hmuh. Jeep
cu zungpi i nitlaklei kam (Aung San te meeting tuahnak) in pe 20 in 30
kar hrawng aa hlatnak ah an dirter, cu tlawmpal ah zungpi chungin
meithal kahnak a um ti hun theih a si i, jeep cu zungpi “chuahnak kutka”
in Parks Street lei ah a chuah a hmuh. Jeep cu a ran khawh chungin an
hmai ah a tlik thluahmah kha Ba Nyunt nih a hmuh. Cun, Ba Nyunt, Khin
Maung Yin le Maung Ni zong Hmon Gyi tel loin U Saw innkulh chunglei ah
an hung kir ve. Jeep cu U Saw innka hmai disathlap tang ah a rak dir ko
kha an hmuh. Cun, mikaptu minung pali le Thukha nih “Aung-byi [kan tei
cang]! Aung-byi” tiah au pah in an rak don hna i, Ba Nyunt nih “Tuanbia
Thar,” tiah Kawlram politics tuanbia a thar in kan ttial cang lai ti
phun in a au ve.
Ba Nyunt nih tehte “phyaunt-chet-petu” aa can
hnu cun, Maung Sein, Yan Gyi Aung, Thu Kha, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni
zong nih Ba Nyunt tehte khanmi a dik ko tiah an sualnak kong cu a hlei a
hluat in an hun chap len ve.
Maung Sein nih a chim venak ah cun
Maung Soe nih an liang cung le an lukhuh ca ttazeik pawl cu a chuahpiak
hnanak kong; 10:00 am hrawngin an jeep in kal nakding nawlpek an sinak
kong; an muka-angki leng tangah an uniform an thuhnak kong; Hmon Gyi nih
nitlaklei kam haukam in a rak hngah hna i, lut dingin achet a piah
hnanak kong; Maung Soe nih meeting khaan innka a on chih i kahnak order a
pek hnanak kong; Yan Gyi Aung nih a tthut bu in Sten gun hmangin a rak
kah hna lai ah, adang nih tommy in an dir bu in an kah hna hnu ah, Yan
Gyi Aung nih corridor cungah a ummi pistol aa kenmi pa a kahnak kong;
adwinwun zung an hun chuahtak ka ah Maung Ni an hmuhnak kong; U Saw nih a
inn an phanh tikah a rak kuh hna, a hnamh hnanak kong; Fordson truck in
Ba Nyunt, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni an hung phanh tikah angki dang an i
thleng hna i U Saw he bia an ruah hnanak kong, tehna a chim ve.
Yang Gyi Aung nih ttuang ah ka tthu i, cabuai tang in upa pawl cu ka kah
hna tiah an chimmi bia cu a fehter.[45] Cun U Saw rawlpetu Sein Maung
nih U Saw inn kan phanh tikah kan meithal cu a fim hna i, a thuh hna
tiah ati.
Thu Kha nih jeep cungah tommy-gun pakhat a hlei in kan i
ken chih i, cucu Ba Nyunt nih U Nu thahnak dingah a hman dingmi a si
tiah a chim ve.
Maung Ni nih, lai an nawn ni zing ah Maung Soe nih
pistol a pek i, zeitindah a kah ning a si ti a cawnpiaknak kong; mikaptu
nih adwin-wun zung i lai an nawn dih hnu ah, Parks Street leikam a
“chuahnak kutka” cu jeep chuahnak dingah aa ong peng maw ong peng lo zoh
dingin Khin Maung Yin nih a fialnak kong; Thukha a phanh in jeep cu an
mongh ti le meithal kah thawng zong a theih i, Hmon Gyi cu hau chung in a
hung tlik thluahmahnak kong; cun Hmon Gyi cu jeep chungah luh aa tim
nain, an rak khirh caah truck umnak lei ah a hung kir tthan i, Khin
Maung Yin le Ba Nyunt he U Saw inn lei ah an kir hnanak kong, tehna a
chim ve.
Khin Maung Yin nih U Saw a si ko ti fehternak dingah a
chim ve. A nikum ah Aung San nih U Saw thah a timhnak kong;[46] cun, cu
ruangah, U Saw nih lehrulh dingin, Aung San tepawl bawi pakhat inn ah
zanriah dumttinak an rak tuah lio ah Khin Maung Yin cu thah a fial i, a
duh lonak kong a chim.[47] Khin Maung Yin nih a chim chapmi ah, U Saw
nih tommy-gun pahnih le adang hriamnam pawl Major Young sinah a cawknak
kong[48] le adang hriamnam pawl zong Major Lance sinah a cawknak
kong;[49] U Saw nih baan (bank) ttaih a rak i tim bal nain nikhua chiat
ruangah aa let tthannak kong; Major Moore[50] le Captian Vivian[51]
bawmhnak in U Saw nih ralkap hriamnam chiahnak ruk-inn chung ta Bren gun
le zenthong tehna a ngah i, Inya Lake (a inn pawng) kam ah a thuhnak
kong; 17 July ni ah U Saw nih lainawnnak ding kong cu a chimh i, 19th ni
ah E.C pawl cu meeting an tthut taktak lai le lai lo hlat a fialnak
kong; 18th ni ah lainawnnak ah hman hngami mawttaw pahnih ready in
timhlamh ding a fialnak kong; Fordson ah nambat phel adeu a bunh hna i,
jeep ah a si lomi nambat a khenhnak kong; cu hnu ah E.C pawl meeting
kong cu a va hlat i, an i timh bang meeting tuah an let lonak kong kha U
Saw sinah the Sun tadinca chuahnak zung telephone hmangin U Saw cu
thawng a hei thanhnak le telephone an i chawnh ah biahleng (code) an
hmannak kong;
cun, U Saw inn ah a hung kir tthan i, mawttaw nambat
phel pakhat kha Tin Shwe[52] a pek, cun jeep nambat kha sii thar a
thuhnak kong, tehna pawl a chim.
Sihni pawl nihcun bia an ceihmi
hna pawl an phuanmi fehternak dingah tehte dangdang an chuahpi hna.
Palik ngiahlaitu zung (Criminal Investigation Department) in a lubik
changtu Tun Hla Oung[53] nih U Saw inn pawng ahhin an cawlcangh ning zoh
dingah “mingiatu” ka rak chiahcia cang hna tiah ati. Ralkap hriamnam
chiahnak ruuk-inn chung ummi hriamnam cheukhat an tlau ti report a um
hnu in, U Saw inn pawngah “mingiatu” pahnih ka chiah hna ati. Zing 8:30
hrawng i, U Saw inn in Fordson mawttaw a chuah zong an hmuh i, a nambat
zong ttha tein an i chingchiah tiah ati. Thamadi Daily tadinca ah phaisa
cazin tlaitu, Sein Maung zong nih meithal puah thawng pawl le
secretariat building in jeep a chuah lio a hmuh ve i, a baan phaisa
cazin tunnak cauk cungah a nambat aa ttial ve ti a si.
[54]
Suimilam 11:00 hrawngah a chaih bakin a hun i chaihmi jeep cu U Saw
inn-hau chungah a hun i kuai i jeep cung a hung ttummi minung pali nga
le U Saw cu ka hmuh hna, tiah U Saw innpa, Mr Khan nih a chim ve.
Zenthong lei a thiammi (ballistic experts) pawl nih Aung San te
zungkhaan chung an charmi zenthong hawng pawl le, mithimi hna pum chung
ummi kuanfang le, U Saw innpawng ah an hmuhmi tommy le Sten gun meithal
kuan pawl an zohtti tikah aa khat bak ti a si. Adang tehte pawl nih U
Saw innpawng tidil chungah nambat phel adeu pawl le mithattu nih rak i
hruk dawh a simi lukhuh hring pawl, cun U Saw te coka tappi chungah a
kaang thlu lomi angki pawl le 12th Army ttazeik nehnang pawl kan hmuh
tiah an ti. Tun Hla Oung le Mr. Khan nihcun, U Saw hau chung ummi jeep
nambat cu sii an thuhka lawng a si caah a ro rih lo tiah an ti. [Adang
tehte an cohlan lio ah, Sein Maung nih kaa chingchiah a timi mawttaw
nambat kong cu an telh lo].
A kaptu hrilhfiah hi cu a har lo.
Maung Sein nih a sualnak huhphenh aa tim lo. Cun, a thi lomi nih ttha
tein an hliah ko hna lai cu a fiang. U Saw cu hrithlai dantatnak in thah
a si. Maung Soe, Maung Sein, Thet Hnin le Yan Gyi Aung cu mithah
lainawn sualnak, cun Hmon Gyi cu sualnak ah a bawmtu tiin hrithlainak an
pek ve hna. Thu Kha, Khin Maung Yin le Maung Ni cu mithahnak ah a
bawmtu an ti ve hna, nain, 20 thong dantat an si. Cozah tehte ah aa
cangmi Ba Nyunt cu ngaihthiam a si.
Holh aa dang dihmi miphunpi phun riat umnak khuasakttinak ding ram,
Kawlram ah rawnmi le tlangcungmi hna sinah hnatlaknak le rualremnak a
rak ser hmasa biktu, Kawlram Federal Union caah pa bik Aung San cu July
19, 1947 ni ah Mirang hmancop Galon U Saw nih a thah tiah Kawlram mi
zapi nihcun hngalh a si. Siangngakchia nih siangca ah cawn a si i, cauk
in siseh ramchung cachuak mi paoh nih Mirang nih an fialmi U Saw nih a
thah tiah an ttial dih. U Saw kong bia an rak ceih lio caan ah, Palik
ngiahlaitu lei in a bawi bik Tun Hla Oung fapa Kin Oung (Australia
pemmi) nih “Who Killed Aung San” tiin cauk a chuah. U Saw nih a thah bak
ko ti a langhter nain, U Saw lawng asi lo, Mirang an i tel, cun Ne Win
le ( U Nu zong aa tel kho men) adangdang zong an i tel kho tihi a
pomning asi. Sihmanhsehlaw, hipa bia hi Shelby Tucker nihcun, a pom thlu
kho dih lo. Hipa nakin felfai deuh in a kherhlai…tikah!
Zei a va si
pekah, ttha tein von ruah cio set ahcun, Mirang fial rak siseh law, U
Saw nih cun a hei thah khawh fawn cang ko ttung i zeicahdah Kawlram cu
Mirang nihcun an lak tthan kun lo? Kawl nih Mirang a rak tei khawhnak
ding cu sullam zong a ngei lo i, uk chap rih an duh tham ah Aung San va
thah theng cu an hau hnga maw? Mirang nih Kawlram cu luatnak (zalennak)
pek dingin a hnatlakmi a si cang ko caah acu Aung San va thah theng cu
an caah santlaihnak a um ngei maw?
Aung San chuahkehnak kherhlai
tikah Asho-Chin a si ko tiah Dr. Htun Than nih cun a chim [Chinland
Guardian ah hmuh khawh asi]. Hi a chuahkehnak hrihhram le a nupi Daw
Khin Kyi cu Karen miphun a sinak hoihna hi a thihnak he pehtlaihnak a
ngei hnga maw? Aung San te chan lio ahhin, Kawl upa le an cathiam hna
lakah a luar tukin mah phun lawng a ttanhmi “fanatic nationalist” an tam
lingcing te a si. An phungki hrim nih cawnpiak hna kaw, “Kawl phun,
Kawl ca, Kawl Biaknak lawng” tiin ruahnak bi lam a zulmi an rak tam tuk.
Dr. Maung Maung zong nih hi lio caan i Kawl phunttanh pawl an luar
deuhnak kong hi To A Soldier Son timi a cauk chung zongah a langhter.
Cucaah, Aung San te nupa chuahkehnak hrihhram hun zoh tikah le Kawl
taktak an si fawn ttung lomi hi cu ruah awk ngai pakhat cu a si ve hnga.
A ruat setmi nih U Saw thah bak cun an pom cio lo. Zapi hngalh awkin
ttialnak nawl an rak pekmi pa cu Dr. Maung Maung lawng a si. Vawlei
minthang Yale tehna, England, Netherlands tehna ah fimnak sang a cawngmi
pa ttialmi cu a dik bik hnga lo maw ti awkin a um. Asinain, Dr. Maung
Maung hi Ne Win nih a hmanmi pa a si ti le, Kawlram ah Unitary System
(Burmanization caah a ttha bikmi phung) a hmunh khawhnak dingin ai
zuammi pa a si ti hi philh lo awk a si. Kawlram kong ttialtu a si vemi
journalist Stan Sesser nihcun, “Dr. Maung Maung cu zumhtlak minung a si
lo. Ahohmanh zong nih an zum ve hlei lo”[1] tiah a ti. Kin Oung tu
nihcun, “Dr. Maung Maung tham cu a cawnmi fimnak vialte mi tthalo
kuttang ah uitlak bantuk in a burh dih ngamhmi pa asi,”[2] tiah a tthuat
ve.
Asinain, tehte “evident” tlamtling khitkhet taktak in hmuh
khawh ding cu Kawlram acozah nih a ttih i a khenkham tikah, Kawlram
kongah ho mithmai hmanh zoh loin a dikning in a hlathlaitu Shelby Tucker
nihhin Aung San thihnak he aa naih bikmi minung, cun a hmuh khawh tawk
tehte a kawl cikcek hnu ah [Kin Oung lila zong bia hal in], U Saw a si
lo tihi a langhter. Hi pa ttialmi Burma: The Curse of Independence timi
cauk chungin Chapter 6-nak: A Hero’s Death (page 131-159) chung ta aa
tlakning in cahrampi ah la in areltu lungfian deuhnak dingah Bertil
Lintner ttialmi Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency Since 1948 zohchih
in a herhnak ah telh chih a si.
Credit: Riahbuk.